iblessing – iOS security exploiting toolkit for hackers and pentesters
[*]
[***]iblessing is iOS security exploiting toolkit, it mainly includes application information collection, static analysis and dynamic analysis.[***]iblessing is based on unicorn engine and capstone engine.
Features of iblessing
- Cross-platform: Tested on macOS and Ubuntu.
- iOS App static info extract, including metadata, deeplinks, URLs, etc.
- Mach-O parser and dyld symbol bind simulator
- Objective-C class realizing and parsing
- Scanners making dynamic analysis for arm64 assembly code and find key information or attack surface
- Scanners using a unicorn to partially simulate Mach-O arm64 code execution and find some features
- Generators that can provide secondary processing on scanner’s report to start a query server, or generate a script for IDA
- Super objc_msgSend xrefs scanner
- objc methods and subs (such as blocks) emulation to generate xrefs like flare-emu
- objc function wrapper detects and ida usercall generate
- objc_msgSend sub functions analysis
- objc block to objc_msgSend xrefs in args and a capture list
- report format including JSON, etc.
- Swift class and method parsing
- following branches and calls
- SimProcedures for extern symbols
- Tests
- Android Scanners Support
- Diagnostic logs
- More flexible scanner infrastructure for new scanner plugins
Support
In case you need support regarding iblessing or anything associated with it, you can:
- create an issue and provide necessary information
- contact Sou1gh0st on Twitter
- send mail to xiuyutong1994#163.com
- send mail to xiuyutong1994#gmail.com
iblessing changelog
- 2020.08.11 – Now iblessing is a cross-platform tool, support both macOS and Linux
- 2020.08.08 – Improve objc_msgSend xref scanner, add sub xref support, including block arguments and a capture list
- 2020.07.30 – Improve symbol-wrapper scanner, and add ida scripts for symbol wrapper rename and prototype modification
- 2020.07.21 – First release
Get started
Binary Scanners require 12GB of virtual memory space to loading a mach-o file, but won’t consume so much. So you need to ensure that the physical memory of your working machine is greater than 12GB, or ensure that allocatable virtual memory is greater than 12GB through the swap file mechanism.
- You can download the pre-released iblessing binary and enjoy it.
- run chmod +x for the binary
- For more tutorials, please check the Documentation & Help below.
How to Build iblessing
CMake
- Platform: macOS, Linux
To get started compiling iblessing, please follow the steps below:
[***]git clone --recursive -j4 https://github.com/Soulghost/iblessing
cd iblessing
./compile-cmake.sh
XcodeBuild
- Platform: macOS
To get started compiling iblessing, please follow the steps below:
[***]git clone --recursive -j4 https://github.com/Soulghost/iblessing
cd iblessing
./compile.sh
Shortcuts
- Basic Concepts
- Scanners
- Scan for AppInfos Not currently available on Linux
- Scan for Class XREFs
- Scan for All objc_msgSend XREFs
- Scan for Simple Symbol Wrappers
- Scan for AppInfos
- Generators
If there are any errors, you can manually compile capstone and unicorn, then drag libcapstone.a and libunicorn.a to the Xcode project’s vendor/libs.
If all of this run successfully, you can find the binary in the build directory:
[***]> ls ./build
iblessing
> file ./build/iblessing
./build/iblessing: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
Documentation & Help
Preview
[***]$ iblessing -h
☠
██╗██████╗ ██╗ ███████╗███████╗███████╗██╗███╗ ██╗ ██████╗
██║██╔══██╗██║ ██╔════╝██╔════╝██╔════╝██║████╗ ██║██╔════╝
██║██████╔╝██║ █████╗ ███████╗███████╗██║██╔██╗ ██║██║ ███╗
██║██╔══██╗██║ ██╔══╝ ╚════██║╚════██║██║██║╚██╗██║██║ ██║
██║██████╔╝███████╗███████╗███████║███████║██║██║ ╚████║╚██████╔╝
╚═╝╚═════╝ ╚══════╝╚══════╝╚══════╝╚══════╝╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═══╝ ╚═════╝
[***] iblessing iOS Security Exploiting Toolkit Beta 0.1.1 (http://blog.asm.im)
[***] Author: Soulghost (高级页面仔) @ (https://github.com/Soulghost)
Usage: iblessing [options...]
Options:
-m, --mode mode selection:
* scan: use scanner
* generator: use generator
-i, --identifier choose module by identifier:
* : use specific scanner
* : use specific generator
-f, --file input file path
-o, --output output file path
-l, --list list available scanners
-d, --data extra data
-h, --help Shows this page
Basic Concepts
Scanner
A scanner is a component used to output analysis report through static and dynamic analysis of binary files, for example, the objc-msg-xref scanner can dynamically analyze most objc_msgSend cross-references.
[***][*] Scanner List:
- app-info: extract app infos
- objc-class-xref: scan for class xrefs
- objc-msg-xref: generate objc_msgSend xrefs record
- predicate: scan for NSPredicate xrefs and sql injection surfaces
- symbol-wrapper: detect symbol wrappers
Generator
A generator is a component that performs secondary processing on the report generated by the scanner, for example, it can generate IDA scripts based on the objc-msg-xref scanner’s cross-references report.
[***][*] Generator List:
- ida-objc-msg-xref: generator ida scripts to add objc_msgSend xrefs from objc-msg-xref scanner's report
- objc-msg-xref-server: server to query objc-msg xrefs
- objc-msg-xref-statistic: statistics among objc-msg-send reports
Basic Usage
Scan for AppInfos
Because some of the dependence on Cocoa has not been lifted (such as bplist parser), it is not currently available on Linux.
[***]> iblessing -m scan -i app-info -f
Let’s take WeChat as an example:
[***]> iblessing -m scan -i app-info -f WeChat.app
[*] set output path to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload
[*] input file is WeChat.app
[*] start App Info Scanner
[+] find default plist file Info.plist!
[*] find version info: Name: 微信(WeChat)
Version: 7.0.14(18E226)
ExecutableName: WeChat
[*] Bundle Identifier: com.tencent.xin
[*] the app allows HTTP requests **without** exception domains!
[+] find app deeplinks
|-- wechat://
|-- weixin://
|-- fb290293790992170://
|-- weixinapp://
|-- prefs://
|-- wexinVideoAPI://
|-- QQ41C152CF://
|-- wx703://
|-- weixinULAPI://
[*] find app callout whitelist
|-- qqnews://
|-- weixinbeta://
|-- qqnewshd://
|-- qqmail://
|-- whatsapp://
|-- wxwork://
|-- wxworklocal://
|-- wxcphonebook://
|-- mttbrowser://
|-- mqqapi://
|-- mqzonev2://
|-- qqmusic://
|-- tenvideo2://
...
[+] find 507403 string literals in binary
[*] process with string literals, this maybe take some time
[+] find self deeplinks URLs:
|-- weixin://opennativeurl/devicerankview
|-- weixin://dl/offlinepay/?appid=%@
|-- weixin://opennativeurl/rankmyhomepage
...
[+] find other deeplinks URLs:
|-- wxpay://f2f/f2fdetail
|-- file://%@?lang=%@&fontRatio=%.2f&scene=%u&version=%u&type=%llu&%@=%d&qqFaceFolderPath=%@&platform=iOS&netType=%@&query=%@&searchId=%@&isHomePage=%d&isWeAppMore=%d&subType=%u&extParams=%@&%@=%@&%@=%@
...
[*] write report to path /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload/WeChat.app_info.iblessing.txt
> ls -alh
-rw-r--r--@ 1 soulghost wheel 29K Jul 23 14:01 WeChat.app_info.iblessing.txt
Scan for Class XREFs
Notice: ARM64 Binaries Only
[***]iblessing -m scan -i objc-class-xref -f -d 'classes=,,...'
[***]> restore-symbol WeChat -o WeChat.restored
> iblessing -m scan -i objc-class-xref -f WeChat.restored -d 'classes=NSPredicate'
[*] set output path to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload
[*] input file is WeChat
[+] detect mach-o header 64
[+] detect litten-endian
[*] start Objc Class Xref Scanner
[*] try to find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate
[*] Step 1. locate class refs
[+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate at 0x108eb81d8
[*] Step 2. find __TEXT,__text
[+] find __TEXT,__text at 0x4000
[*] Step 3. scan in __text
[*] start disassembler at 0x100004000
[*] 0x1002e1a50/0x1069d9874 (2.71%) [+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate ref at 0x1002e1a54
...
[*] Step 4. symbolicate ref addresses
[+] _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate -|
[+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate ref -[WCWatchNotificationMgr addYoCount:contact:type:] at 0x1002e1a54
[+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate ref -[NotificationActionsMgr handleSendMsgResp:] at 0x1003e0e28
[+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate ref -[FLEXClassesTableViewController searchBar:textDidChange:] at 0x1004a090c
[+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate ref +[GameCenterUtil parameterValueForKey:fromQueryItems:] at 0x1005a823c
[+] find _OBJC_CLASS_$_NSPredicate ref +[GameCenterUtil getNavigationBarColorForUrl:defaultColor:] at 0x1005a8cd8
...
Scan for All objc_msgSend XREFs
Notice: ARM64 Binaries Only
Simple Mode
[***]iblessing -m scan -i objc-msg-xref -f
Anti-Wrapper Mode
[***]iblessing -m scan -i objc-msg-xref -f WeChat -d 'antiWrapper=1'
The anti-wrapper mode will detect objc_msgSend wrappers and make transforms, such as:
[***]; __int64 __usercall objc_msgSend_X0_X22_X20@(void *obj@, const char *sel@, id anyObj@, ...)
objc_msgSend_X0_X22_X20:
MOV X1, X22
MOV X2, X20
B objc_msgSend
Usage Example:
[***]> iblessing -m scan -i objc-msg-xref -f WeChat -d 'antiWrapper=1'
[*] set output path to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload
[*] input file is WeChat
[+] detect mach-o header 64
[+] detect litten-endian
[*] !!! Notice: enter anti-wrapper mode, start anti-wrapper scanner
[*] start Symbol Wrapper Scanner
[*] try to find wrappers for_objc_msgSend
[*] Step1. find __TEXT,__text
[+] find __TEXT,__text at 0x100004000
[+] mapping text segment 0x100000000 ~ 0x107cb0000 to unicorn engine
[*] Step 2. scan in __text
[*] start disassembler at 0x100004000
[*] / 0x1069d986c/0x1069d9874 (100.00%)
[*] reach to end of __text, stop
[+] anti-wrapper finished
[*] start ObjcMethodXrefScanner Exploit Scanner
[*] Step 1. realize all app classes
[*] realize classes 14631/14631 (100.00%)
[+] get 667318 methods to analyze
[*] Step 2. dyld load non-lazy symbols
[*] Step 3. track all calls
[*] progress: 667318 / 667318 (100.00%)
[*] Step 4. serialize call chains to file
[*] saved to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload/WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
> ls -alh WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 soulghost wheel 63M Jul 23 14:46 WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
> head WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
iblessing methodchains,ver:0.2;
chainId,sel,prefix,className,methodName,prevMethods,nextMethods
182360,0x1008a0ab8,+[A8KeyControl initialize],+,A8KeyControl,initialize,[],[4429#0x1008a1064@4376#0x1008a1050@13769#0x1008a10d0]
182343,0x1008a0ad0,+[A8KeyControl_QueryStringTransferCookie initialize],+,A8KeyControl_QueryStringTransferCookie,initialize,[],[4429#0x1008a1064@4376#0x1008a1050@13769#0x1008a10d0]
145393,0x1008c2220,+[A8KeyResultCookieWriter initWithDomain:weakWebView:andCompleteBlock:],+,A8KeyResultCookieWriter,initWithDomain:weakWebView:andCompleteBlock:,[145386#0x10036367c],[]
145396,0x1008c3df8,+[A8KeyResultCookieWriter setA8KeyCookieExpireTime:],+,A8KeyResultCookieWriter,setA8KeyCookieExpireTime:,[145386#0x1003636e8],[]
145397,0x1008c27e8,+[A8KeyResultCookieWriter writeCompleteMarkerCookieValue:forKey:],+,A8KeyResultCookieWriter,writeCompleteMarkerCookieValue:forKey:,[145386#0x10036380c],[]
253456,0x0,+[AAOperationReq init],+,AAOperationReq,init,[253455#0x1039a9d30],[]
253457,0x0,+[AAOperationReq setBaseRequest:],+,AAOperationReq,setBaseRequest:,[253455#0x1039a9d8c],[]
186847,0x0,+[AAOperationRes length],+,AAOperationRes,length,[186845#0x10342aa54],[]
The report can be used by the generators, now let’s go.
Generate objc_msgSend Xrefs Query Server
You can start a server through iblessing’s objc-msg-xref-server generator to query all objc_msgSend xrefs.
[***]iblessing -m generator -i objc-msg-xref-server -f
Specify the Listening Host and Port
The default listening address is 127.0.0.1:2345, you can specify it by -d option.
[***]iblessing -m generator -i objc-msg-xref-server -f WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt -d 'host=0.0.0.0;port=12345'
Usage Example
Notice: the objc-msg-xref is based on a unicorn, to speed up the analyze, we do not follow any calls, so the result is partially missing.
[***]> iblessing -m generator -i objc-msg-xref-server -f WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
[*] set output path to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload
[*] input file is WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
[*] start ObjcMsgXREFServerGenerator
[*] load method-chain db for version iblessing methodchains,ver:0.2;
[*] table keys chainId,sel,prefix,className,methodName,prevMethods,nextMethods
[-] bad line 104467,0x0,+[TPLock P, ],+,TPLock,P, ,[104426#0x1043b9904],[]
[-] bad line 114905,0x0,?[0x108ce1578 (,],?,0x108ce1578,(,,[114900#0x1011e8c68],[]
[-] bad line 104464,0x0,?[? P, ],?,?,P, ,[104426#0x1043b98a8],[]
[-] bad line 139234,0x0,?[? X
[-] bad line ],?,?,X
[-] bad line ,[139205#0x1013c222c],[]
[+] load storage from disk succeeded!
[*] listening on http://127.0.0.1:2345
Next you can open [***]http://127.0.0.1:2345 with a browser to query any objc_msgSend xrefs you like:
Generate IDA Scripts for objc_msgSend xrefs
You can add objc_msgSend xrefs generated from objc-msg-xref scanner to make your reverse engineering journey more faster and comfortable.
[***]iblessing -m generator -i ida-objc-msg-xref -f
Usage Example
Notice: the objc-msg-xref is based on the unicorn, to speed up the analyze, we do not follow any calls, so the result is partially missing.
[***]> iblessing -m generator -i ida-objc-msg-xref -f WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
[*] set output path to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload
[*] input file is WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt
[*] start IDAObjMsgXREFGenerator
[*] load method-chain db for version iblessing methodchains,ver:0.2;
[*] table keys chainId,sel,prefix,className,methodName,prevMethods,nextMethods
[-] bad line 104467,0x0,+[TPLock P, ],+,TPLock,P, ,[104426#0x1043b9904],[]
[-] bad line 114905,0x0,?[0x108ce1578 (,],?,0x108ce1578,(,,[114900#0x1011e8c68],[]
[-] bad line 104464,0x0,?[? P, ],?,?,P, ,[104426#0x1043b98a8],[]
[-] bad line 139234,0x0,?[? X
[-] bad line ],?,?,X
[-] bad line ,[139205#0x1013c222c],[]
[+] load storage from disk succeeded!
[*] Generating XREF Scripts ...
[*] saved to /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/WeChat/Payload/WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt_ida_objc_msg_xrefs.iblessing.py
> ls -alh WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt_ida_objc_msg_xrefs.iblessing.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 soulghost wheel 23M Jul 23 16:16 WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt_ida_objc_msg_xrefs.iblessing.py
> head WeChat_method-xrefs.iblessing.txt_ida_objc_msg_xrefs.iblessing.py
def add_objc_xrefs():
ida_xref.add_cref(0x10036367c, 0x1008c2220, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x1003636e8, 0x1008c3df8, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x10036380c, 0x1008c27e8, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x103add16c, 0x700006e187a8, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x102cbee0c, 0x101143ee8, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x10085c92c, 0x1005e9360, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x10085c8bc, 0x1005e9274, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x10085c8dc, 0x1005e92bc, XREF_USER)
ida_xref.add_cref(0x10085c8cc, 0x1005e9298, XREF_USER)
Next open your IDA -> File -> Script File and load the script, this step may take a long time. And when it is done, you can find many xrefs for objc method:
Scan for symbol wrappers
A Mach-O file may contain multiple wrappers of commonly used dynamic library imported symbols, such as:
[***]__text:00000001003842D8 sub_1003842CC ; CODE XREF: -[BDARVLynxTracker eventV3:params:adExtraData:]+168↑p
__text:00000001003842D8 ; -[BDARVLynxTracker eventV3:params:adExtraData:]+214↑p ...
__text:00000001003842D8 MOV X1, X27
__text:00000001003842DC MOV X2, X19
__text:00000001003842E0 B objc_msgSend
We can convert the wrapper by usercall:
[***]__text:00000001003842CC ; id __usercall objc_msgSend_61@(id@, const char *@, ...)
__text:00000001003842CC _objc_msgSend_61 ; CODE XREF: -[BDARVLynxTracker eventV3:params:adExtraData:]+2CC↑p
__text:00000001003842CC ; -[BDARVLynxTracker eventV3:params:adExtraData:]+320↑p ...
__text:00000001003842CC MOV X0, X23
__text:00000001003842D0 MOV X1, X28
__text:00000001003842D4 B objc_msgSend
The scanner can generate a report to record all wrappers, then you can use [***]ida-symbol-wrapper-naminggenerator to generate ida scripts and implement this wrapper rename and prototype change.
How to Use
[***]iblessing -m scan -i symbol-wrapper -f -d 'symbols=_objc_msgSend,_objc_retain,_objc_release'
iblessing -m scan -i symbol-wrapper -f -d 'symbols=*'
Usage Example
We will take TikTok China as an example:
[***]> iblessing -m scan -i symbol-wrapper -f /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/抖音短视频/Payload/Aweme -d 'symbols=*'
[*] set output path to /Users/soulghost/Desktop/git/iblessing-public/iblessing/build/Debug
[*] input file is /opt/one-btn/tmp/apps/抖音短视频/Payload/Aweme
[+] detect mach-o header 64
[+] detect litten-endian
[*] start Symbol Wrapper Scanner
[*] try to find wrappers for_objc_autoreleaseReturnValue, _objc_msgSend, _objc_release, _objc_releaseAndReturn, _objc_retain, _objc_retainAutorelease, _objc_retainAutoreleaseAndReturn, _objc_retainAutoreleaseReturnValue, _objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue
[*] Step1. find __TEXT,__text
[+] find __TEXT,__text at 0x100004000
[+] mapping text segment 0x100000000 ~ 0x106da0000 to unicorn engine
[*] Step 2. scan in __text
[*] start disassembler at 0x100004000
[*] / 0x106b68a54/0x106b68a58 (100.00%)
[*] reach to end of __text, stop
[*] Step 3. serialize wrapper graph to file
[*] saved to /Users/soulghost/Desktop/git/iblessing-public/iblessing/build/Debug/Aweme_wrapper-graph.iblessing.txt
> head Aweme_wrapper-graph.iblessing.txt
iblessing symbol-wrappers,ver:0.1;
wrapperId;address;name;prototype
0;0x100022190;_objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue;id __usercall f@(id@)
1;0x100022198;_objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue;id __usercall f@(id@)
2;0x1000221a0;_objc_release;id __usercall f@(id@)
3;0x1000221a8;_objc_msgSend;id __usercall f@(id@, const char*@, ...)
4;0x100022448;_objc_release;id __usercall f@(id@)
5;0x10009c19c;_objc_autoreleaseReturnValue;id __usercall f@(id@)
6;0x1000b6f94;_objc_msgSend;id __usercall f@(id@, const char*@, ...)
7;0x100100248;_objc_autoreleaseReturnValue;id __usercall f@(id@)
Next, we can generate IDA script from this report.
Generate IDA Script for Objc Runtime Function Rename and Prototype Modification
[***]iblessing -m generator -i ida-symbol-wrapper-naming -f
Usage Example
[***]> iblessing -m generator -i ida-symbol-wrapper-naming -f Aweme_wrapper-graph.iblessing.txt
[*] set output path to /Users/soulghost/Desktop/git/iblessing-public/iblessing/build/Debug
[*] input file is Aweme_wrapper-graph.iblessing.txt
[*] start IDAObjMsgXREFGenerator
[*] load symbol-wrappers db for version iblessing symbol-wrappers,ver:0.1;
[*] table keys wrapperId;address;name;prototype
[*] Generating Naming Scripts ...
[*] saved to /Users/soulghost/Desktop/git/iblessing-public/iblessing/build/Debug/Aweme_wrapper-graph.iblessing.txt_ida_symbol_wrapper_naming.iblessing.py
> head Aweme_wrapper-graph.iblessing.txt_ida_symbol_wrapper_naming.iblessing.py
def namingWrappers():
idc.set_name(0x100022190, '_objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue', ida_name.SN_FORCE)
idc.apply_type(0x100022190, idc.parse_decl('id __usercall f@(id@)', idc.PT_SILENT))
idc.set_name(0x100022198, '_objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue', ida_name.SN_FORCE)
idc.apply_type(0x100022198, idc.parse_decl('id __usercall f@(id@)', idc.PT_SILENT))
idc.set_name(0x1000221a0, '_objc_release', ida_name.SN_FORCE)
idc.apply_type(0x1000221a0, idc.parse_decl('id __usercall f@(id@)', idc.PT_SILENT))
idc.set_name(0x1000221a8, '_objc_msgSend', ida_name.SN_FORCE)
idc.apply_type(0x1000221a8, idc.parse_decl('id __usercall f@(id@, const char*@, ...)', idc.PT_SILENT))
idc.set_name(0x100022448, '_objc_release', ida_name.SN_FORCE)
Next open your IDA -> File -> Script File and load the script, this step may take a long time. And when it is done, You can observe some decompiled code changes:
More: https://github.com/Soulghost/iblessing
The post iblessing – iOS security exploiting toolkit for hackers and pentesters appeared first on Hakin9 – IT Security Magazine.
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